Manifestation of Heterosis and Degree of Phenotypic Dominance by the Number of Grains from the Main Ear in the Hybridisation of Different Early-Maturing Varieties of Soft Winter Wheat

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main food crop on a global scale, in growth and stabilisation of yields, which varietal resources are significant factor. In practical breeding work, an essential role played by variety thoroughly investigated source material. The purpose this study was to determine hypothetical true heterosis establish nature inheritance number grains from ear hybrids soft winter wheat. 2018-2020, 45 combinations cross-breeding varieties obtained hybridisation different growing season periods were experimental field Research Production Centre Belotserkovskyi National Agrarian University. Generally accepted methods used degree phenotypic dominance ear. Studies indicate that stem parent components determined genotype considerably depends hydrothermal conditions year. author paper established influence maternal cytoplasm manifestation trait under study. Thus, when early-maturing with mother form, largest average for (63.3 pcs.) formed 2019. At same time, use medium-early, medium maturing, medium-late hybridisation, maximum (64.8 marked 2018. Therewith, all minimum 2020. data parental genotypes year indicators first-generation hybrids. It most common type (85.6%) positive overdomination. Practical value selection selected combinations: Myronivska early / Zolotokolosa, Cherniava, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf Antonivka, Kolchuha Zolotokolosa Charniava, Yednist, Cherniava Vidrada, Stolychna, Shchedra Nyva Dobirna, Antonivka Dobirna Pyvna, significantly exceeded F1 changing fields years research